Unit 1 biology and disease the heart practice exam questions. Coronary artery disease cad, also known as coronary heart disease chd or ischemic heart. Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. The volume firstly summarizes the acute and chronic response to exercise. The heart is a hollow muscular organ which lies in the middle of the chest cavity. There are many types, including coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure. More males suffer from coronary heart disease than females. Less common causes include various cardiomyopathies. Aqa gce biology as award 1411 unit 1 the heart unit 1 biology and disease the heart practice exam questions. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assisting in the removal of metabolic wastes. This can lead to a heart attack, angina and some strokes. Comprehensive coverage starts with the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease, including molecular and genetic mechanisms, cells interaction and.
New gcse 2016 coronary heart disease previously artificial or real based on the aqa specification this lesson covers. Niacin nicotinic acid has been used to treat cardiovascular disease for over 50 years 1 and was the first drug to show a reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Atheroma a fibrous plaque caused by the build up and hardening of white blood cells, lipids and connective tissue. It irreversibly combines with haemoglobin and reduces oxygencarrying capacity of the blood. The heart and heart disease aqa alevel biology revision.
Give a definition of coronary heart disease chd when the blood supply to the heart is blocked obstructed by fatty deposits on the coronary arteries. This awardwinning text has been completely updated, providing a superior multimedia reference for every aspect of this. Furthermore, it also looks at how scientific advances are used to improve health care this course is a real life approach to human biology. The structure of the heart is shown in the diagram below. Jan 01, 2017 this lesson includes information regarding the structure of the heart and how they relate to its function. Cardiovascular disease any disease associated with the heart and blood vessels including aneurysms, thrombosis and myocardial infarction.
If atherosclerosis of these vessels occurs, then the heart has to work harder and blood pressure rises. Chd has numerous causes and thus it is the uks biggest killer with approximately 300,000 people having a heart attack each year. Heart disease also covers conditions that affect your heart s muscle, valves or cause abnormal rhythms arrhythmias. This makes it difficult for the heart to receive the extra nutrients and oxygen it requires during exercise. The risk of coronary heart disease rises as blood cholesterol levels increase. It is approximately the size of a human fist and is located just to the left of the centre of a humans chest. Gce biology question paper unit 01 biology and disease.
Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are other main risk factors which. Risk factors associated with chd are diet, blood cholesterol, cigarette smoking and high blood pressure. Coronary heart disease ischaemic heart disease types, causes. Tachycardia elevated resting heart rate 120 bpm and bradycardia depressed resting heart rate heart beats that are so common in young people that it is not technically considered a disease. Cardiovascular physiology gives you a solid understanding of how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. This animation will show you how risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure and smoking can lead to blocked arteries blood vessels. Coronary heart disease chd is usually caused by a buildup of fatty deposits atheroma on the walls of the arteries around the heart coronary arteries. Take an indepth look at the anatomy of the heart through video, pictures, and explanation. People with established cardiovascular disease are at very high risk of recurrent events and are not the subject of these guidelines. When other risk factors such as high blood pressure and tobacco smoke are present, this risk increases even more.
Both occur because the arteries carrying blood to the heart muscle become blocked or narrowed, usually by a deposit of fatty substances, a process known as atherosclerosis. The circulatory system functions in the delivery of oxygen, nutrient molecules, and hormones and the removal of carbon dioxide, ammonia and other metabolic wastes. The buildup of atheroma makes the arteries narrower, restricting the flow of blood to the heart muscle. Biology biol1 unit 1 biology and disease monday 14 may 2012 9. Alevel biology question paper unit 01 biology and disease june 2014 author. Coronary heart disease chd flashcards in a level and.
Cardiovascular disease affects the heart and blood vessels. On average, the heart beats between 6070 times a minute at rest. The circulatory system function alevel biology revision notes. Heart disease revision notes in a level and ib biology. This is the build up of fatty material in the walls of arteries. Brendan phibbs has created a resource that distills the core knowledge of cardiology into highly readable chapters with simple diagrammatic aids to ensure understanding. As biology notes 2015 all in one a2 biology handwritten notes 2016. The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. Home learning activity starter activity and worksheets adapted from a. A basic guide to heart disease 2nd edition is a notable exception. The heart is made of a special type of muscle called the cardiac muscle. Obviously to do with the blood vessels those linked directly to the heart and, the rest of the body some of these diseases are linked to lifestyle some of these diseases and problems are linked to genetic disorders as a familial connection can be made i. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in the uk and much of the rest of the world.
The coronary arteries wrap around the outside of the heart. This is a disease of the coronary arteries, which branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle. People with coronary heart disease are at risk of angina and heart attack. They have thin walls which receive blood from veins. Cardiovascular diseases cvds are the major cause of death globally, which are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
The book provides an intensive overview on exercise for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, from basic research to clinical practice. Cardiovascular disease an overview sciencedirect topics. The diet of a person can increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Exercise for cardiovascular disease prevention and. Small branches dive into the heart muscle to bring it blood. By summarizing this novel knowledge and changes in diagnostic algorithm and treatment options, this is the perfect reference for cardiology researchers who want a volume with the most uptodate experimental trends in the field of atherosclerosis, for cardiologists and physicians who manage patients with atherosclerotic risk factors and established coronary artery disease, and medical students who. It is often the underlying cause that leads to heart disease. Secondly, evidence for exercise as medicine for the heart based on clinical studies and basic research is summarized. If atherosclerosis happens in the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood, the person has coronary heart disease chd. Coronary heart disease, clogged arteries and atherosclerosis. Individual chapters introduce the anatomy of the coronary blood vessels and cardiac development, while others consider current imaging modalities utilized.
List of books and articles about coronary heart disease. Journal of cardiovascular diseases and diagnosis open. Structure and function of the heart as level biology aqa. Cardiovascular disease covers a range of heart related problems see below for examples cardio is to do with the heart vascular. The graph shows the results of these investigations. Unit 1 biology and disease wednesday 21 may 2014 9.
The heart 54 coronary heart disease 58 the digestive system 60 cholera 67 disease lifestyle and disease 68 defence against disease 72 immunisation 80 monoclonal antibodies 81 appendices 1 mathematical requirements 83 2 the unit 1 exam 86 these notes may be used freely by a level biology students and teachers. Angina chest pains caused by an inadequate supply of blood and therefore o 2 to the heart muscle. This results in coronary heart disease, the most common type of heart disease in the united states. Screening and risk assessment of coronary artery disease.
The anatomy of the heart consists of the vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, left and right pulmonary arteries, left and right pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta. Oct 15, 2008 mammalian heart for a level biology slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Biology coronary heart disease coronary heart disease edexcel as biology courseworkissue report example. High levels of physical activity reduce the risk of coronary artery disease by about 25%. Data generated via electrocardiography can be used to identify a variety of heart conditions, including. Coronary artery disease heart attacks faulty valves heart failure. The clinical complications of chd lead to substantial disability and are a main source of the rising cost of health care. Give two risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. Factors effecting coronary heart disease chd has two principal forms angina and heart attacks myocardial infarction. He is an expert in the field of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease with several publications and extensive research in these areas. He is a member of the board for five cardiology journals, and has contributed more than 70 chapters to current books in the field.
Free cardiology books download ebooks online textbooks. The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Heart disease includes conditions that narrow or block blood vessels coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease chd is formed when the supply of blood to the heart is blocked off due to the build up of fatty substances in these coronary arteries. Nowadays coronary heart disease chd, also known as coronary arteries disease, is one of major killer diseases in many countries. Clinical, pathological, imaging, and molecular profiles presents a comprehensive picture of ischemic heart disease for practitioners, students, and investigators dealing with the varied facets of this complex subject. Heart failure even without atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the most common cardiac endpoint and cause of hospitalization among medicareaged patients whether or not hypertension exists. Also contains an endofclass activity where the students can draw the structure of a human heart onto a balloon they absolutely love this, links to helpful videos regarding the cardiac cycle, and an included worksheet for the students to include add their labels to throughout the lesson. Mh coronary heart disease is the number 1 killer in the uk and europe. Circulatory system notes heart ventricle heart free. Relative risk and excess death rate for coronary heart disease among men, by age group. The heart and heart disease flashcards in a level and ib. The heart is a hollow muscular organ that lies in the middle of the chest cavity.
The heart must work harder to supply oxygen to tissues and can lead to high blood pressure. Alevel biology mark scheme unit 01 biology and disease june 20 author. Alevel biologytransportmammalian heart wikibooks, open. Controlling blood cholesterol levels can help reduce a persons risk of chd.
Aqa alevel biology 7402 paper 2 unofficial mark scheme th june 2019. Alevel biology question paper unit 01 biology and disease january 2011 author. Coronary artery disease cad is the most common cause of mortality in the developed world. The cardiac cycle is basically what happens during one heart beat, and since it is continuous, a description could begin anywhere. The heart is a pump that circulates blood all around the body. The coronary arteries supply oxygen and blood to the heart. A question on coronary heart disease and blood pressure as aqa biology watch. Kenya national guidelines for cardiovascular diseases management. The causes of coronary heart disease biology essay introduction.
Cardiovascular disease revision notes in a level and ib biology. Explore what each of these are and how we can treat them. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Additional research into the genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry at. Unit 3 practical biology and research skills assessed internally 20% of as level 10% of a2 level research skills coursework this is a written assessment based on a visit to a site of biological interest or a report of nonpractical research on an area of biological interest. In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest in humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers. Gcse biology why do we get heart disease and how to. These vessels form a complete circuit a closed circulatory system. Anatomy and function of the coronary arteries johns. Ideal for your systemsbased curriculum, this title in the mosby physiology monograph series explains how the latest concepts apply to reallife clinical situations.
These may become blocked by a buildup of fatty plaques. On average the heart beats over 100 000 times a day and pumps 3780 litres of blood through 100 000 kilometres of blood vessels. Mammals have a double circulation, which means that the right hand side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs in the pulmonary artery to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Scool revision summary scool, the revision website. According to the study, there is an inverse association between serum bicarbonate and chd events in type 2 diabetic patients as serum. Coronary heart disease chd, or coronary artery disease, develops when the coronary arteries become too narrow. When the heart is filled with blood, the muscles in the atrial walls contracts known as the atrial systole, and this forces the blood from the atria down through the atrioventricular valves into the ventricles. The scientists injected one group with the monoclonal antibody in salt solution.
The heart is the centre of the cardiovascular system. Heart failure is the end result of many diseases affecting the heart, but is most commonly associated with ischaemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, or high blood pressure. This consists of the heart and the blood vessels through which the blood passes. A stroke is where the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off, which can cause brain damage and. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates.
From biology to clinical practice links the most important basic concepts of atherosclerosis pathophysiology to treatment management of coronary artery disease. Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, d rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease in children and adults, stroke, cardiovascular diseases in elderly persons, cardiovascular disease in diabetes, cardiovascular. A question on coronary heart disease and blood pressure. Structure of the heart alevel biology revision notes. There is good evidence that a high level of alcohol consumption increases risk of heart disease lucas et al. Cardiovascular heart disease british heart foundation. The role of lifestyle in development of coronary heart disease. Cardiovascular disease encompasses a group of diseases. Like all other tissues in the body, the heart muscle needs oxygenrich blood to function. Unfortunately, this issue has been discussed in less detail in the literature than this fact demands. Tobacco use, whether it is smoking or chewing tobacco.
However, coronary heart disease, a multifactorial illness of the coronary vessels, still remains the most common cause of death in developed countries. The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply oxygen and blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease chd is when your coronary arteries become narrowed by a buildup of fatty material within their walls. Ocr human biology is an exciting and stimulating course that covers how the human. The mammalian heart and circulatory system gcse science.
They have been addressed in previous who guidelines. Information there are 100 marks available on this paper. Cardiovascular diseases how tobacco smoke causes disease. From biology to clinical practice links the most important basic concepts of. Coronary heart disease chd is the major cause of death in most developed countries and in many developing countries.
Coronary heart disease new gcse teaching resources. While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are. A diet high in fat, obesity and lack of exercise increases the risk of heart disease. Associated with old age, the blood vessel walls, particularly of the arteries, become less elastic and more liable to rupture. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. Download pdf heart and coronary arteries book full free. Coronary heart disease chd is the most common cause of death worldwide. Angina, heart attack and heart failure and are all clinical forms of coronary heart disease. Revision guide ocr 2004 coordination group publications ltd cgp united kingdom. A substantial number of these deaths can be attributed to tobacco smoking, which increases the risk of dying from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease 23 fold. Coronary artery disease cardiology explained ncbi bookshelf. It is enclosed in the pericardium, which protects the heart and facilitates its pumping action. A persons cholesterol level is also affected by age, sex and heredity.
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